14 We are not reaching beyond these boundaries when we claim authority over you, as if we had never visited you. We will boast only about what has happened within the boundaries of the work God has given us, which includes our working with you. How ignorant!ġ3 We will not boast about things done outside our area of authority. 10 For some say, “Paul’s letters are demanding and forceful, but in person he is weak, and his speeches are worthless!” 11 Those people should realize that our actions when we arrive in person will be as forceful as what we say in our letters from far away.ġ2 Oh, don’t worry we wouldn’t dare say that we are as wonderful as these other men who tell you how important they are! But they are only comparing themselves with each other, using themselves as the standard of measurement. So I will not be ashamed of using my authority.ĩ I’m not trying to frighten you by my letters. But our authority builds you up it doesn’t tear you down. 8 I may seem to be boasting too much about the authority given to us by the Lord. Those who say they belong to Christ must recognize that we belong to Christ as much as they do. 6 And after you have become fully obedient, we will punish everyone who remains disobedient.ħ Look at the obvious facts. We capture their rebellious thoughts and teach them to obey Christ. 5 We destroy every proud obstacle that keeps people from knowing God.
4 We use God’s mighty weapons, not worldly weapons, to knock down the strongholds of human reasoning and to destroy false arguments. 2 Well, I am begging you now so that when I come I won’t have to be bold with those who think we act from human motives.ģ We are human, but we don’t wage war as humans do. “This investigation establishes a novel and highly efficient post-treatment approach for Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells and would benefit the fabrication of other kinds of metal chalcogenide solar cells,” the academics said.Ī complete description of the cell can be found in “ Regulating Energy Band Alignment via Alkaline Metal Fluoride Assisted Solution Post-Treatment Enabling Sb 2(S,Se) 3 Solar Cells with 10.7% Efficiency,” which was recently published in Advanced Energy Materials.10 Now I, Paul, appeal to you with the gentleness and kindness of Christ-though I realize you think I am timid in person and bold only when I write from far away. It was also able to retain around 89% of its initial efficiency. It exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 9.2%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.663 V, a short-circuit current of 22.2 mA per cm2, and a fill factor of 62.6%. The scientists said it retained around 93% of its initial efficiency after 30 days of storage.Īs a comparison, they built a reference cell without alkali metal fluorides as additives. The cell showed an open-circuit voltage of 0.673 V, a short-circuit current of 23.7 mA per cm2, and a fill factor of 66.8%. T hey then assembled the cell with a gold (Au) layer deposited through thermal evaporation. They synthesized the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber layer with the hydrothermal deposition method and used Spiro-OMeTAD for the hole transport layer. They fabricated the device with a buffer layer based on zinc sulfide oxide ( Zn( O, S)) and cadmium sulfide (CdS). “This approach is able to manipulate the S/Se gradient in the films and creates favorable energy alignment which facilitates the carrier transport.” “Our mechanistic investigations show that the considerably enhanced film morphology and crystallinity, along with passivated and reduced defects, are responsible for the performance improvement,” the scientists said. The scientists achieved a 10.7% efficiency rating by using alkali metal fluorides as additives in the deposition of the Sb2(S,Se)3 thin films. Sb2(S,Se)3 has a tunable bandgap in the range of 1.1-1.7 eV, which is optimal for harvesting sunlight, and a thickness of about 500 nanometers, which helps to increase light irradiation absorption. They said the cell is the first serious candidate to approach commercial production among all thin-film solar cells relying on the earth-abundant and stable material. They claim the new cell is the most efficient PV device ever to be built based on antimony. Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and Wuhan University have developed a solar cell based on antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3). Clean Power Research: Solar data solutions to maximize PV project performance.Energy Storage North America Special 2018.
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